Encyclopedia Nursing Research

Basic Research spite the growing number and popularity of doctoral programs in nursing, small numbers of nurses continue to pursue degrees in the Basic research includes all forms of scholarly basic sciences in the United States. This edu- inquiry for the purpose of demonstrating the cational path is used more often in countries existence or elucidation of phenomena. Basic where doctoral programs in nursing are not research is conducted without intent to adavailable. Another link between the basic sci-dress specific problems or real-world applicaences and nursing has evolved as a result of tion of knowledge. The discipline of nursing doctoral students in nursing pursuing a grad-is primarily applied rather than basic, aluate minor in a basic science or a postdoctoral though basic research is a part of the discifellowship in a basic science. These basic re- pline (Donaldson, S. K., & Crowley, 1978). search programs for nurses with doctoral de- As a discipline and a science, nursing is ingrees in nursing are facilitated by nurses withformed by knowledge from basic and applied doctoral degrees in basic research disciplines. research, and nursing disciplinary knowledge Nurse researchers often engage in basic re- is integrated into the broader context of the search to generate knowledge that may lead whole of human knowledge. to new perspectives for applied research in The origins of nursing research trace back nursing. to Florence Nightingale (Woodham-Smith, All clinical research in nursing is by defini- 1951). Over time, the majority of the scholtion applied research. Studies using animal arly work is best categorized as applied rathersubjects are often applied rather than basic than basic research in that nursing research research in nursing. Animal research is cate-has been conducted for the primary purposegorized as applied research if the work is de-of solving problems related to human health. signed to answer a clinical question, such as Nursing seeks knowledge from the perspechow does mammalian (e.g., rat) skeletal mus- cle adapt to non-weight-bearing conditionstive of the human experience of health. Huequivalent to bed rest (Kasper, Maxwell, & man perceptions and experiences of health White, 1996)

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