Ebola and Marburg Viruses

EBOLA AND MARBURG VIRUSES arrived on the scene. Fortunately, scientists were able to look back and examine the outbreaks by piecing together data from survivors. Scientists determined that the causative agent for these outbreaks was a virus similar to Marburg, another filovirus. This virus was named Ebola, for the Ebola River that crosses the village of Yambuku in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Since the 1976 Ebola outbreak, the virus has occasionally resurfaced in human populations. The exact source of these outbreaks and where the virus “hides” between epidemics are unknown. A small outbreak was reported in Sudan in 1979, and one case was reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1977. The virus did not truly capture the fascination of American scientists, however, until Ebola surfaced within the United States in 1989, in a primate research facility in in Reston, Virginia (just outside Washington, D.C.). The subtype of Ebola virus in this outbreak was different from those that had been isolated in human outbreaks in Africa, and was named Ebola-Reston. No humans died in the Reston outbreak, although the virus was fatal to monkeys.Ebola has resurfaced in Africa several times since the first outbreaks in the 1970s. These outbreaks will be discussed in later chapters.

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